Kodi zipangizo zoyendetsera mpweya n'chiyani? Kodi pali zipangizo ziti?

Kodi zipangizo zoyendetsera mpweya n'chiyani? Kodi pali zipangizo ziti?

Zipangizo zoyambira mpweya ndi chipangizo chopangira mpweya wopanikizika - compressor ya mpweya (air compressor). Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma compressor a mpweya, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mtundu wa piston, mtundu wa centrifugal, mtundu wa screw, mtundu wa sliding vane, mtundu wa scroll ndi zina zotero.
Mpweya wopanikizika wochokera ku compressor ya mpweya uli ndi zinthu zambiri zoipitsa monga chinyezi, mafuta ndi fumbi. Zipangizo zoyeretsera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zinthu zoipitsa izi moyenera kuti zisawononge ntchito yanthawi zonse ya makina opumira.

Zipangizo zoyeretsera mpweya ndi mawu ofala a zida ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Zipangizo zoyeretsera mpweya nthawi zambiri zimatchedwanso zida zoyeretsera mpweya pambuyo pa ntchito m'makampani, nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza matanki osungiramo mpweya, zowumitsira, zosefera, ndi zina zotero.
● thanki ya mpweya
Ntchito ya thanki yosungiramo mpweya ndi kuthetsa kupanikizika, kudalira kukulitsa kwa adiabatic ndi kuzizira kwachilengedwe kuti kuchepetse kutentha, kulekanitsa chinyezi ndi mafuta mumlengalenga wopanikizika, ndikusunga mpweya wina. Kumbali imodzi, zitha kuchepetsa kutsutsana kuti mpweya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wochuluka kuposa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka wa compressor ya mpweya munthawi yochepa. Kumbali ina, imatha kusunga mpweya kwa kanthawi kochepa pamene compressor ya mpweya yalephera kapena mphamvu yazimitsidwa, kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida za pneumatic zili otetezeka.

●Chowumitsira mpweya

Choumitsira mpweya choponderezedwa, monga dzinalo likusonyezera, ndi mtundu wa zida zochotsera madzi mu mpweya woponderezedwa. Pali zoumitsira ziwiri zozizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso zoumitsira zothira madzi, komanso zoumitsira zofewa komanso zoumitsira za polymer membrane. Choumitsira mufiriji ndi chipangizo choumitsira mpweya choponderezedwa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi zofunikira pamtundu wa mpweya. Choumitsira mufiriji chimagwiritsa ntchito khalidwe lakuti kupanikizika pang'ono kwa nthunzi ya madzi mu mpweya woponderezedwa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutentha kwa mpweya woponderezedwa kuti chiziziziritse, chizizire madzi ndi kuumitsa. Zoumitsira mufiriji zoponderezedwa nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "zoumitsira mufiriji" mumakampani. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi mu mpweya woponderezedwa, kutanthauza kuchepetsa "kutentha kwa mame" kwa mpweya woponderezedwa. Mu makina ambiri a mpweya woponderezedwa m'mafakitale, ndi chimodzi mwa zida zofunika pakuumitsa ndi kuyeretsa mpweya woponderezedwa (womwe umadziwikanso kuti pambuyo pokonza).

1 mfundo yoyambira

Mpweya wopanikizika ukhoza kukwaniritsa cholinga chochotsa nthunzi ya madzi kudzera mu kupanikizika, kuziziritsa, kulowetsedwa ndi njira zina. Chowumitsira mpweya wozizira ndi njira yoziziritsira. Tikudziwa kuti mpweya wopanikizika ndi compressor ya mpweya uli ndi mpweya wosiyanasiyana ndi nthunzi ya madzi, kotero ndi mpweya wonyowa. Chinyezi cha mpweya wonyowa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosiyana ndi kupanikizika, ndiko kuti, kupanikizika kwakukulu, chinyezi chimakhala chochepa. Mpweya ukawonjezeka, nthunzi ya madzi mumlengalenga yoposa zomwe zingatheke imasungunuka kukhala madzi (ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopanikizika kumakhala kochepa ndipo sikungathe kusunga nthunzi ya madzi yoyambirira).

Izi zikutanthauza kuti poyerekeza ndi mpweya womwe unapumidwa poyamba, chinyezi chimakhala chochepa (apa tikutanthauza kubwerera kwa gawo ili la mpweya wopanikizika ku mkhalidwe wosapanikizika).

Komabe, mpweya wotuluka mu mpweya wopondereza mpweya umakhalabe woponderezedwa, ndipo nthunzi yake ya madzi imakhala pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, ndiko kuti, imakhala mu mkhalidwe wovuta wa mpweya ndi madzi. Mpweya woponderezedwa panthawiyi umatchedwa mkhalidwe wokhuta, kotero bola ngati uli ndi mphamvu pang'ono, nthunzi ya madzi idzasintha nthawi yomweyo kuchoka pa mkhalidwe wa mpweya kupita ku mkhalidwe wamadzi, ndiko kuti, madzi adzaphwanyidwa.

Tikaganiza kuti mpweya ndi chinkhupule chonyowa chomwe chayamwa madzi, chinyezi chake ndi madzi omwe anyamulidwa. Ngati madzi ena atuluka mu chinkhupule pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndiye kuti chinyezi cha chinkhupulecho chimachepa pang'ono. Ngati mulola chinkhupulecho kuti chibwererenso, mwachibadwa chidzakhala chouma kuposa chinkhupule choyambirira. Izi zimakwaniritsanso cholinga chochotsa madzi ndikuwumitsa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Ngati palibe mphamvu ina pambuyo pofika pa mphamvu inayake panthawi yofinya siponji, madziwo amasiya kufinya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti madziwo akhuta. Pitirizani kuwonjezera mphamvu ya kufinya, ndipo madzi akadali kutuluka.

Chifukwa chake, thupi la compressor ya mpweya palokha lili ndi ntchito yochotsa madzi, ndipo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikukakamiza, koma ichi si cholinga cha compressor ya mpweya, koma ndi katundu "woipa".

N’chifukwa chiyani “kukakamiza” sikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yochotsera madzi mumpweya wopanikizika? Izi makamaka zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepetsa mphamvu, kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi 1 kg. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pafupifupi 7% sikotsika mtengo kwenikweni.

Kuchotsa madzi “ozizira” ndikotsika mtengo, ndipo chowumitsira chozizira chimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yofanana ndi kuchotsa chinyezi mu choziziritsira mpweya kuti chikwaniritse cholingacho. Chifukwa kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi yokhuta kuli ndi malire, mu kuthamanga kwa mpweya (2MPa), zitha kuganiziridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yamadzi mumlengalenga wokhuta kumadalira kutentha kokha ndipo sikukhudzana ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya.

Kutentha kukakwera, nthunzi ya madzi mumlengalenga wodzaza imakula, ndipo madzi amakhala ambiri. M'malo mwake, kutentha kukachepa, madzi amakhala ochepa (izi zitha kumveka kuchokera ku nzeru za anthu wamba, nyengo yozizira imakhala youma komanso yozizira, chilimwe chimakhala chotentha komanso chonyowa).

Ziziritsani mpweya wopanikizika mpaka kutentha kochepa momwe mungathere kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi yomwe ili mkati mwake ndikupanga "condensation", sonkhanitsani madontho ang'onoang'ono amadzi opangidwa ndi condensation ndikutulutsa, kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chochotsa chinyezi mu mpweya wopanikizika.

Popeza zimatengera njira yoziziritsira madzi ndi kuzizira, kutentha sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa "malo ozizira", apo ayi kuzizira sikungatulutse madzi bwino. Nthawi zambiri kutentha kwa "pressure dew point" kwa choumitsira madzi ozizira nthawi zambiri kumakhala 2 ~ 10°C.

Mwachitsanzo, "madontho a pressure dew" pa 10°C a 0.7MPa amasinthidwa kukhala "madontho a pressure dew mumlengalenga" kukhala -16°C. Zingamveke kuti zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo osapitirira -16°C, sipadzakhala madzi amadzimadzi mpweya wopanikizika ukatha mumlengalenga.

Njira zonse zochotsera madzi pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopanikizika zimakhala zouma pang'ono, zomwe zimakwaniritsa kuuma kwina. N'zosatheka kuchotsa chinyezi kotheratu, ndipo ndi zotsika mtengo kwambiri kuuma kupitirira zomwe zimafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
2 mfundo yogwirira ntchito

Choumitsira mpweya wozizira chimaziziritsa mpweya wopanikizika kuti chizimitse nthunzi ya madzi mu mpweya wopanikizika kukhala madontho amadzimadzi, kuti chikwaniritse cholinga chochepetsa chinyezi mu mpweya wopanikizika.
Madontho oundana amatuluka mu makina kudzera mu makina otulutsa madzi okha. Bola ngati kutentha kwa payipi yotsika pansi pa choumitsira sikuli kotsika kuposa kutentha kwa deme point pa potulukira kwa evaporator, kuzizira kwachiwiri sikudzachitika.

3 ntchito

Njira yoponderezedwa mpweya:
Mpweya wopanikizika umalowa mu chosinthira kutentha kwa mpweya (chotenthetsera mpweya) [1], chomwe poyamba chimachepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya wopanikizika kwambiri, kenako chimalowa mu chosinthira kutentha cha Freon/mpweya (evaporator) [2], komwe mpweya wopanikizika umaziziritsidwa mofulumira kwambiri, kuchepetsa kutentha kufika pa kutentha kwa dem point, ndipo madzi amadzimadzi olekanitsidwa ndi mpweya wopanikizika zimalekanitsidwa mu cholekanitsa madzi [3], ndipo madzi olekanitsidwa amatuluka mu makina ndi chipangizo chotulutsira madzi chokha.

Mpweya wopanikizika ndi kutentha kochepa kwa firiji kusinthana kutentha mu evaporator [2]. Panthawiyi, kutentha kwa mpweya wokakamizidwa kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, pafupifupi kofanana ndi kutentha kwa mame point kwa 2 ~ 10°C. Ngati palibe chofunikira chapadera (ndiko kuti, palibe kutentha kochepa kwa mpweya wokakamizidwa), nthawi zambiri mpweya wokakamizidwa umabwerera ku chosinthira kutentha kwa mpweya (preheater) [1] kuti usinthane kutentha ndi mpweya wopanikizika kutentha kwambiri womwe wangolowa mu choumitsira chozizira. Cholinga chochita izi:

① Gwiritsani ntchito bwino "kuzizira kotayira" kwa mpweya wouma wopanikizika kuti muziziritse mpweya wouma wopanikizika wotentha kwambiri womwe wangolowa mu choumitsira chozizira, kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa mpweya wozizira mu choumitsira chozizira;

② Pewani mavuto ena monga kuuma kwa mpweya, kudontha kwa madzi, ndi dzimbiri kunja kwa payipi yakumbuyo chifukwa cha mpweya wouma wochepa kutentha.

Njira yosungira mufiriji:

Refrigerant freon imalowa mu compressor [4], ndipo pambuyo pokanikiza, kuthamanga kumawonjezeka (ndipo kutentha kumawonjezekanso), ndipo ikakwera pang'ono kuposa kuthamanga kwa condenser, nthunzi ya refrigerant yothamanga kwambiri imatulutsidwa mu condenser [6]. Mu condenser, nthunzi ya refrigerant pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuthamanga imasinthasintha kutentha ndi mpweya pa kutentha kochepa (kuzizira kwa mpweya) kapena madzi ozizira (kuzizira kwa madzi), motero imafinya refrigerant Freon kukhala madzi.

Panthawiyi, refrigerant yamadzimadzi imalowa mu Freon/air heat exchanger (evaporator) [2] kudzera mu capillary chubu/expansion valve [8] kuti ichepetse kupanikizika (kuzizira) ndikuyamwa kutentha kwa mpweya wopanikizika mu evaporator kuti utenthedwe. Chinthu chomwe chiyenera kuziziritsidwa - mpweya wopanikizika umazizira, ndipo nthunzi ya refrigerant yotenthedwa imatengedwa ndi compressor kuti iyambe kuzungulira kwina.

Firiji imamaliza kuzungulira kudzera m'njira zinayi monga kukanikiza, kuzizira, kukulitsa (kupopera), ndi kusungunuka kwa mpweya m'dongosolo. Kudzera m'mafiriji osalekeza, cholinga chozizira mpweya wopanikizika chimakwaniritsidwa.
4 Ntchito za gawo lililonse
chosinthira kutentha kwa mpweya
Pofuna kupewa madzi oundana kuti asapangike pakhoma lakunja la payipi yakunja, mpweya wouma wozizira umachoka mu evaporator ndikusinthana kutentha ndi mpweya wotentha kwambiri, wotentha komanso wonyowa womwe uli mu chosinthira kutentha cha mpweya. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwa mpweya wolowa mu evaporator kumachepa kwambiri.

kusinthana kutentha
Refrigerant imatenga kutentha ndikufalikira mu evaporator, kusintha kuchoka pa mkhalidwe wamadzimadzi kupita ku mkhalidwe wa mpweya, ndipo mpweya wopanikizika umazizidwa ndi kusinthana kwa kutentha, kotero kuti nthunzi yamadzi mu mpweya wopanikizika imasintha kuchoka pa mkhalidwe wa mpweya kupita ku mkhalidwe wamadzimadzi.

cholekanitsa madzi
Madzi amadzimadzi oundana amalekanitsidwa ndi mpweya wopanikizika womwe uli mu cholekanitsa madzi. Pamene cholekanitsa madzi chikukula, kuchuluka kwa madzi amadzimadzi kumabwereranso mu mpweya wopanikizika, ndipo mphamvu ya mpweya wopanikizika imachepa.

kompresa
Mpweya woziziritsa mpweya umalowa mu compressor yoziziritsira mpweya ndipo umakanikizidwa kuti ukhale mpweya woziziritsa mpweya wotentha kwambiri komanso wopanikizika kwambiri.

valavu yodutsa
Ngati kutentha kwa madzi amadzimadzi oundana kutsika pansi pa malo oundana, ayezi woundanawo udzatsekereza ayezi. Valavu yodutsa imatha kuwongolera kutentha kwa firiji ndikulamulira malo othamanga a dengu pa kutentha kokhazikika (pakati pa 1 ndi 6°C)

choziziritsira mpweya

Kondensala imachepetsa kutentha kwa refrigerant, ndipo refrigerant imasintha kuchoka pa mkhalidwe wa mpweya wotentha kwambiri kupita ku mkhalidwe wamadzimadzi wotentha pang'ono.

fyuluta
Fyuluta imasefa bwino zinyalala za firiji.

Valavu Yokulitsa/Kukulitsa
Refrigerant ikadutsa mu valavu ya capillary chubu/expansion, voliyumu yake imakula, kutentha kwake kumachepa, ndipo imakhala madzi otsika kutentha komanso otsika kuthamanga.

Cholekanitsa mpweya ndi madzi
Popeza firiji yamadzimadzi yomwe imalowa mu compressor imayambitsa kugwedezeka kwamadzimadzi, komwe kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa compressor yoziziritsira, cholekanitsa gasi ndi madzi choziziritsira chimatsimikizira kuti firiji yamadzimadzi yokha ndiyo ingalowe mu compressor yoziziritsira.

ngalande yodziyimira yokha
Dothi lodzipangira lokha limachotsa madzi amadzimadzi omwe amasonkhana pansi pa cholekanitsa kuchokera mu makina nthawi ndi nthawi.

choumitsira

Choumitsira chozizira chili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kukonza, komanso ndalama zochepa zosamalira. Ndi choyenera nthawi zina pamene kutentha kwa mpweya wopanikizika sikuli kotsika kwambiri (kupitirira 0°C).
Choumitsira madzi chimagwiritsa ntchito desiccant kuti chichotse chinyezi ndikuumitsa mpweya wopanikizika womwe umakakamizika kutuluka. Zoumitsira madzi zobwezeretsanso madzi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse.
● fyuluta
Mafyuluta amagawidwa m'mafyuluta akuluakulu a mapaipi, olekanitsa madzi ndi gasi, mafyuluta ochotsa fungo loipa la mpweya, mafyuluta ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi nthunzi, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ntchito zawo ndi kuchotsa mafuta, fumbi, chinyezi ndi zinthu zina zodetsa mumlengalenga kuti mpweya ukhale woyera. Mpweya.