1. Kodi mpweya ndi chiyani? Kodi mpweya wabwinobwino ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Mlengalenga wozungulira dziko lapansi, timagwiritsa ntchito kuutcha mpweya.
Mpweya womwe uli pansi pa kupanikizika kwa 0.1MPa, kutentha kwa 20°C, ndi chinyezi cha 36% ndi mpweya wabwinobwino. Mpweya wabwinobwino umasiyana ndi mpweya wamba pa kutentha ndipo umakhala ndi chinyezi. Pakakhala nthunzi ya madzi mumlengalenga, nthunzi ya madzi ikalekanitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumachepa.
2. Kodi tanthauzo la mpweya m'dziko lofanana ndi liti?
Yankho: Tanthauzo la mkhalidwe wokhazikika ndi: mkhalidwe wa mpweya pamene mphamvu yoyamwa mpweya ndi 0.1MPa ndipo kutentha ndi 15.6°C (tanthauzo la makampani apakhomo ndi 0°C) limatchedwa mkhalidwe wokhazikika wa mpweya.
Mu mkhalidwe wokhazikika, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi 1.185kg/m3 (mphamvu ya utsi wa compressor ya mpweya, chowumitsira, fyuluta ndi zida zina zogwirira ntchito pambuyo pokonza mpweya imawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi mu mkhalidwe wokhazikika wa mpweya, ndipo chipangizocho chimalembedwa kuti Nm3/min).
3. Kodi mpweya wokhuta ndi mpweya wosakhuta n’chiyani?
Yankho: Pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika kwina, kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi mumlengalenga wonyowa (ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi) kumakhala ndi malire enaake; pamene kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi yomwe ili mu kutentha kwina kukafika pamlingo wokwanira, chinyezi panthawiyi Mpweya umatchedwa mpweya wonyowa. Mpweya wonyowa wopanda kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi kumatchedwa mpweya wosanyowa.
4. Kodi mpweya wosakhuta umasanduka mpweya wokhuta pa nthawi yanji? Kodi “kuundana” n’chiyani?
Panthawi imene mpweya wosakhuta umakhala mpweya wodzaza, madontho amadzimadzi amaundana mu mpweya wonyowa, womwe umatchedwa "condensation". Kuundana n'kofala. Mwachitsanzo, chinyezi cha mpweya chimakhala chambiri nthawi yachilimwe, ndipo n'zosavuta kupanga madontho amadzi pamwamba pa chitoliro cha madzi. M'mawa wachisanu, madontho amadzi amaonekera pawindo lagalasi la anthu okhalamo. Awa ndi mpweya wonyowa womwe umazizira pansi pa kukakamizidwa kosalekeza kuti ufike pamalo a mame. Zotsatira za kuundana chifukwa cha kutentha.
5. Kodi mpweya wopanikizika ndi chiyani? Kodi makhalidwe ake ndi otani?
Yankho: Mpweya umatha kupanikizika. Mpweya umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina pambuyo pa compressor ya mpweya umagwira ntchito kuti uchepetse voliyumu yake ndikuwonjezera kupanikizika kwake umatchedwa mpweya wopanikizika.
Mpweya wopanikizika ndi gwero lofunika kwambiri la mphamvu. Poyerekeza ndi magwero ena a mphamvu, uli ndi makhalidwe odziwika bwino awa: omveka bwino komanso owonekera bwino, osavuta kunyamula, alibe zinthu zoopsa zapadera, komanso alibe kuipitsa mpweya kapena kuipitsa mpweya pang'ono, kutentha kochepa, palibe ngozi ya moto, palibe mantha a kudzaza zinthu mopitirira muyeso, amatha kugwira ntchito m'malo ambiri oipa, osavuta kupeza, osatha.
6. Ndi zinthu ziti zodetsa zomwe zili mu mpweya wopanikizika?
Yankho: Mpweya wopanikizika womwe umatuluka mu compressor ya mpweya uli ndi zinthu zambiri zosafunika: ①Madzi, kuphatikizapo nthunzi ya madzi, nthunzi ya madzi, madzi oundana; ②Mafuta, kuphatikizapo madontho a mafuta, nthunzi ya mafuta; ③Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolimba, monga matope a dzimbiri, ufa wachitsulo, rabara Zidutswa, tinthu ta phula, zinthu zosefera, zinthu zotsekera, ndi zina zotero, kuwonjezera pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoopsa za fungo la mankhwala.
7. Kodi makina oyendetsera mpweya ndi chiyani? Kodi ali ndi ziwalo ziti?
Yankho: Dongosolo lopangidwa ndi zipangizo zomwe zimapanga, kukonza ndi kusunga mpweya wopanikizika limatchedwa dongosolo lochokera ku mpweya. Dongosolo lochokera ku mpweya nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi zigawo izi: compressor ya mpweya, choziziritsira chakumbuyo, fyuluta (kuphatikiza fyuluta yoyambirira, cholekanitsa mafuta ndi madzi, fyuluta ya mapaipi, fyuluta yochotsera mafuta, fyuluta yochotsera fungo, zida zoyeretsera mpweya, ndi zina zotero), matanki osungiramo mpweya okhazikika, zowumitsira (zosungidwa mufiriji kapena zothira madzi), zotulutsira madzi ndi zinyalala zokha, mapaipi a gasi, ma valve a mapaipi, zida, ndi zina zotero. Zipangizo zomwe zili pamwambapa zimaphatikizidwa kukhala dongosolo lathunthu lochokera ku gasi malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana za njirayi.
8. Kodi zoopsa za zinthu zosafunika mu mpweya wopanikizika ndi ziti?
Yankho: Mpweya wopanikizika wochokera ku compressor ya mpweya uli ndi zinthu zambiri zodetsa, zinthu zazikulu zodetsa ndi tinthu tolimba, chinyezi ndi mafuta mumlengalenga.
Mafuta opaka mafuta opangidwa ndi nthunzi amapanga asidi wachilengedwe wowononga zida, amawononga labala, pulasitiki, ndi zinthu zotsekera, amatseka mabowo ang'onoang'ono, amachititsa kuti ma valve asamagwire bwino ntchito, komanso amaipitsa zinthu.
Chinyezi chodzaza mu mpweya wopanikizika chidzasungunuka n’kukhala madzi m’mikhalidwe ina ndipo chidzasonkhanitsidwa m’malo ena a dongosolo. Chinyezichi chimapangitsa dzimbiri pa zigawo ndi mapaipi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo zoyenda zisamayende bwino kapena kusweka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawo zoyendetsedwa ndi mpweya zisamayende bwino komanso kuti mpweya utuluke; m’madera ozizira, kuzizira kwa chinyezi kungayambitse kuti mapaipi azizire kapena kusweka.
Zonyansa monga fumbi mumlengalenga wopanikizika zidzawononga malo oyenda omwe ali mu silinda, mota ya mpweya ndi valavu yobwezera mpweya, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya dongosololi.
9. N’chifukwa chiyani mpweya wopanikizika uyenera kuyeretsedwa?
Yankho: Monga momwe makina a hydraulic amafunikira kwambiri kuti mafuta a hydraulic akhale oyera, makina a pneumatic alinso ndi zofunikira zapamwamba pa mpweya wopanikizika.
Mpweya wotuluka ndi compressor ya mpweya sungagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji ndi chipangizo chopopera mpweya. Compressor ya mpweya imapuma mpweya wokhala ndi chinyezi ndi fumbi kuchokera mumlengalenga, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya wopopera mpweya kumakwera pamwamba pa 100°C, panthawiyi, mafuta opaka mu compressor ya mpweya amasandukanso pang'ono kukhala mpweya. Mwanjira imeneyi, mpweya wopopera mpweya wotuluka mu compressor ya mpweya ndi mpweya wotentha kwambiri wokhala ndi mafuta, chinyezi ndi fumbi. Ngati mpweya wopopera uwu watumizidwa mwachindunji ku dongosolo la pneumatic, kudalirika ndi moyo wautumiki wa dongosolo la pneumatic zidzachepa kwambiri chifukwa cha mpweya woipa, ndipo kutayika komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri kumaposa mtengo ndi ndalama zokonzera chipangizo chopopera mpweya, kotero kusankha kolondola Dongosolo lopopera mpweya ndilofunika kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-07-2023
